Also watch a video on creating a table in Excel. Working efficiently with your table data. Excel has some features that enable you to work efficiently with your table data: Using structured references Instead of using cell references, such as A1 and R1C1, you can use structured references that reference table names in a formula.For more information, see Using structured references with Excel. Complete Updated Course Last Update 11/2020. Welcome to Quantity Surveying /Building Estimation online training course. It is focused on practical application of Estimation using Auto Cad & M.S Excel. This course is a field oriented course and contains real examples and a.
- Excel Foundation Meaning Dictionary
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- Excel Foundation Meaning Examples
A pivot table is a table of statistics that summarizes the data of a more extensive table (such as from a database, spreadsheet, or business intelligence program). This summary might include sums, averages, or other statistics, which the pivot table groups together in a meaningful way.
Pivot tables are a technique in data processing. They arrange and rearrange (or 'pivot') statistics in order to draw attention to useful information. This leads to finding figures and facts quickly making them integral to data analysis. This ultimately leads to helping businesses or individuals make educated decisions.[1]
Although pivot table is a generic term, MicrosofttrademarkedPivotTable in the United States in 1994 (canceled in 2020).[2] Mavis beacon teaches typing family edition free download.
History[edit]
In their book Pivot Table Data Crunching,[3] Bill Jelen and Mike Alexander refer to Pito Salas as the 'father of pivot tables'. While working on a concept for a new program that would eventually become Lotus Improv, Salas noted that spreadsheets have patterns of data. A tool that could help the user recognize these patterns would help to build advanced data models quickly. With Improv, users could define and store sets of categories, then change views by dragging category names with the mouse. Can you download microsoft excel for free. This core functionality would provide the model for pivot tables.
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Lotus Development released Improv in 1991 on the NeXT platform. A few months after the release of Improv, Brio Technology published a standalone Macintosh implementation, called DataPivot (with technology eventually patented in 1999).[4]Borland purchased the DataPivot technology in 1992 and implemented it in their own spreadsheet application, Quattro Pro.
In 1993 the Microsoft Windows version of Improv appeared. Early in 1994 Microsoft Excel 5[5] brought a new functionality called a 'PivotTable' to market. Microsoft further improved this feature in later versions of Excel:
- Excel 97 included a new and improved PivotTable Wizard, the ability to create calculated fields, and new pivot cache objects that allow developers to write Visual Basic for Applications macros to create and modify pivot tables
- Excel 2000 introduced 'Pivot Charts' to represent pivot-table data graphically
In 2007 Oracle Corporation made
PIVOT
and UNPIVOT
operators available in Oracle Database 11g.[6]Mechanics[edit]
For typical data entry and storage, data usually appear in flat tables, meaning that they consist of only columns and rows, as in the following portion of a sample spreadsheet showing data on shirt types:
While tables such as these can contain many data items, it can be difficult to get summarized information from them. A pivot table can help quickly summarize the data and highlight the desired information. The usage of a pivot table is extremely broad and depends on the situation. The first question to ask is, 'What am I seeking?' In the example here, let us ask, 'How many Units did we sell in each Region for every Ship Date?':
A pivot table usually consists of row, column and data (or fact) fields. In this case, the column is Ship Date, the row is Region and the data we would like to see is (sum of) Units. These fields allow several kinds of aggregations, including: sum, average, standard deviation, count, etc. In this case, the total number of units shipped is displayed here using a sum aggregation.
Implementation[edit]
Using the example above, the software will find all distinct values for Region. In this case, they are: North, South, East, West. Furthermore, it will find all distinct values for Ship Date. Based on the aggregation type, sum, it will summarize the fact, the quantities of Unit, and display them in a multidimensional chart. In the example above, the first datum is 66. This number was obtained by finding all records where both Region was East and Ship Date was 1/31/2005, and adding the Units of that collection of records (i.e., cells E2 to E7) together to get a final result.
Pivot tables are not created automatically. For example, in Microsoft Excel one must first select the entire data in the original table and then go to the Insert tab and select 'Pivot Table' (or 'Pivot Chart'). The user then has the option of either inserting the pivot table into an existing sheet or creating a new sheet to house the pivot table. A pivot table field list is provided to the user which lists all the column headers present in the data. For instance, if a table represents sales data of a company, it might include Date of sale, Salesperson, Item sold, Color of the item, Units sold, Per unit price, and total price. This makes the data more readily accessible.
Date of sale | Sales person | Item sold | Color of item | Units sold | Per unit price | Total price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10/01/13 | Jones | Notebook | Black | 8 | 25000 | 200000 |
10/02/13 | Prince | Laptop | Red | 4 | 35000 | 140000 |
10/03/13 | George | Mouse | Red | 6 | 850 | 5100 |
10/04/13 | Larry | Notebook | White | 10 | 27000 | 270000 |
10/05/13 | Jones | Mouse | Black | 4 | 700 | 2800 |
The fields that would be created will be visible on the right hand side of the worksheet. By default, the pivot table layout design will appear below this list.
Pivot Table fields are the building blocks of pivot tables.[7] Each of the fields from the list can be dragged on to this layout, which has four options:
- Filters
- Columns
- Rows
- Values
Excel Foundation Meaning Dictionary
Filters[edit]
Report filter is used to apply a filter to an entire table. For example, if the 'Color of Item' field is dragged to this area, then the table constructed will have a report filter inserted above the table. This report filter will have drop-down options (Black, Red, and White in the example above). When an option is chosen from this drop-down list ('Black' in this example), then the table that would be visible will contain only the data from those rows that have the 'Color of Item= Black'.
Columns[edit]
Column labels are used to apply a filter to one or more columns that have to be shown in the pivot table. For instance if the 'Salesperson' field is dragged to this area, then the table constructed will have values from the column 'Sales Person', i.e., one will have a number of columns equal to the number of 'Salesperson'. There will also be one added column of Total. In the example above, this instruction will create five columns in the table — one for each salesperson, and Grand Total. There will be a filter above the data — column labels — from which one can select or deselect a particular salesperson for the pivot table.
This table will not have any numerical values as no numerical field is selected but when it is selected, the values will automatically get updated in the column of 'Grand total'.
Rows[edit]
Row labels are used to apply a filter to one or more rows that have to be shown in the pivot table. For instance, if the 'Salesperson' field is dragged on this area then the other output table constructed will have values from the column 'Salesperson', i.e., one will have a number of rows equal to the number of 'Sales Person'. There will also be one added row of 'Grand Total'. In the example above, this instruction will create five rows in the table — one for each salesperson, and Grand Total. There will be a filter above the data — row labels — from which one can select or deselect a particular salesperson for the Pivot table.
This table will not have any numerical values, as no numerical field is selected, but when it is selected, the values will automatically get updated in the Row of 'Grand Total'.
Values[edit]
This usually takes a field that has numerical values that can be used for different types of calculations. However, using text values would also not be wrong; instead of Sum, it will give a count. So, in the example above, if the 'Units sold' field is dragged to this area along with the row label of 'Salesperson', then the instruction will add a new column, 'Sum of units sold', which will have values against each salesperson.
Row labels | Sum of units sold |
---|---|
Jones | 12 |
Prince | 4 |
George | 6 |
Larry | 10 |
Grand total | 32 |
Application support[edit]
Pivot tables or pivot functionality are an integral part of many spreadsheet applications and some database software, as well as being found in other data visualization tools and business intelligence packages.
Spreadsheets[edit]
- Microsoft Excel supports PivotTables, which can be visualized through PivotCharts.[8]
- LibreOffice Calc and Openoffice Calc support pivot tables. Prior to version 3.4, this feature was named 'DataPilot'.
- Google Sheets natively supports pivot tables.[9]
Database support[edit]
- PostgreSQL, an object–relational database management system, allows the creation of pivot tables using the tablefunc module.[10]
- MariaDB, a MySQL fork, allows pivot tables using the CONNECT storage engine.[11]
- Microsoft Access supports pivot queries under the name 'crosstab' query.
- Oracle Database supports the PIVOT operation.
- Some popular databases that do not directly support pivot functionality, such as Microsoft SQL server[verification needed] and SQLite can usually simulate pivot functionality using embedded functions, dynamic SQL or subqueries. The issue with pivoting in such cases is usually that the number of output columns must be known at the time the query starts to execute; for pivoting this is not possible as the number of columns is based on the data itself. Therefore, the names must be hard coded or the query to be executed must itself be created dynamically (meaning, prior to each use) based upon the data.
Web applications[edit]
- ZK, an Ajax framework, also allows the embedding of pivot tables in Web applications.
Programming languages and libraries[edit]
- Programming languages and libraries suited to work with tabular data contain functions that allow the creation and manipulation of pivot tables. Python data analysis toolkit pandas has the function pivot_table, and the xs method useful to obtain sections of pivot tables.[12]
Online analytical processing[edit]
Excel pivot tables include the feature to directly query an online analytical processing (OLAP) server for retrieving data instead of getting the data from an Excel spreadsheet. On this configuration, a pivot table is a simple client of an OLAP server. Excel's PivotTable not only allows for connecting to Microsoft's Analysis Service, but to any XML for Analysis (XMLA) OLAP standard-compliant server.
See also[edit]
- Contingency table, a crosstab that tallies counts, rather than totals
References[edit]
- ^'Everything About Microsoft Excel Pivot Tables'. Excel Pivot. Retrieved 2021-01-04.
- ^'United States Trademark Serial Number 74472929'. 1994-12-27. Retrieved 2013-02-17.
- ^Jelen, Bill; Alexander, Michael (2006). Pivot table data crunching. Indianapolis: Que. pp. 274. ISBN0-7897-3435-4.
- ^Gartung, Daniel L.; Edholm, Yorgen H.; Edholm, Kay-Martin; McNall, Kristen N.; Lew, Karl M., Patent #5915257, retrieved 2010-02-16
- ^Darlington, Keith (2012-08-06). VBA For Excel Made Simple. Routledge (published 2012). p. 19. ISBN9781136349775. Retrieved 2014-09-10.
[..] Excel 5, released in early 1994, included the first version of VBA.
- ^Shah, Sharanam; Shah, Vaishali (2008). Oracle for Professionals - Covers Oracle 9i, 10g and 11g. Shroff Publishing Series. Navi Mumbai: Shroff Publishers (published July 2008). p. 549. ISBN9788184045260. Retrieved 2014-09-10.
One of the most useful new features of the Oracle Database 11g from the SQL perspective is the introduction of Pivot and Unpivot operators.
- ^'What are Pivot Table Fields and How to Change Them'. Excel Pivot. Retrieved 2020-12-02.
- ^Dalgleish, Debra (2007). Beginning PivotTables in Excel 2007: From Novice to Professional. Apress. pp. 233–257. ISBN9781430204336. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
- ^'Create & use pivot tables'. Docs Editors Help. Google Inc. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
- ^'PostgreSQL: Documentation: 9.2: tablefunc'. postgresql.org.
- ^'CONNECT Table Types - PIVOT Table Type'. mariadb.com.
- ^'pandas.pivot_table'.
Further reading[edit]
- A Complete Guide to PivotTables: A Visual Approach (ISBN1-59059-432-0) (in-depth review at slashdot.org)
- Excel 2007 PivotTables and PivotCharts: Visual blueprint (ISBN978-0-470-13231-9)
- Pivot Table Data Crunching (Business Solutions) (ISBN0-7897-3435-4)
- Beginning Pivot Tables in Excel 2007 (ISBN1-59059-890-3)
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pivot_table&oldid=1010634948'
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Smart, talented, and superbly built horses that are top performers in many disciplines..
- Cutting
- Reining
- Roping
- Mounted Police Work
- Gymkhana
- Trail Riding
- Search & Rescue
- Family Horses
& Much More!
The key ingredients..
Start with the finest American Quarter Horse bloodlines..
The Brooks breeding program features sires that are sons of Autumn Acre, Peppy San Badger, Smart Little Lena, Playgun, and Plumb Dry. Our program also entails great dam bloodlines such as that of Tap O Lena and Tapt Twice. The careful selection of superb broodmares is equally important. Brooks Ranch foals are privileged from birth.
Raise them on a 7,000 acre working cattle ranch: rugged and beautiful land..
The Brooks Ranch environment is an invaluable component in the production of confident and experienced performers. Countless rocky hilltops, open meadows, and creek crossings provide the most solid foundation, resulting in naturally strong and sure-footed athletes. The 2000 head of cattle roaming about help give meaning to “plenty of cow”..
Give them work to do..
Brooks Quarter Horses are the result of our own desire to benefit from the best working horses in North America. There is a great deal of work to get done around here. Smart, strong, and well-mannered horses are indispensable. From moving livestock, to roping, sorting, and cutting, a real cow horse gets real experience. A solid foundation in reining skills is also essential. Would you like a horse that knows honest work?
The Result: Proven Performance.
Simply put, if you plan to excel in the equestrian world, you need to choose a great horse. They are here, learning and working, and you can benefit from them as well. Please read through some of the testimonials that we have received from many loyal customers. Their reactions say it best.
Brooks Quarter Horses are:
NCHA Performers & Money Earners
NRCHA World Champions
Top Barrel Racers
We welcome your questions and comments, and look forward to helping you find a truly great horse!!!